Tratamiento quirúrgico de la gangrena de Fournier / Surgical management of Fournier's gangrene

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el manejo quirúrgico realizado para la reconstrucción genitoperineal (RGP) en pacientes con secuelas de Gangrena de Fournier (GF). Materiales y Método: Corresponde a una serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con secuelas de GF a los que se les realizó RGP entre los años 2011 y 2019. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con las variables de técnica quirúrgica, edad, sexo, comorbilidades, subunidades anatómicas afectadas, origen anatómico de la gangrena de Fournier, número de procedimientos quirúrgicos, procedimiento de colostomía, terapia de presión negativa, Flexi-Seal®, bacterias aisladas, duración de estancia hospitalaria, tipo de procedimientos reconstructivos y complicaciones. Resultados: Se realizó RGP a 43 pacientes (81,1% hombres), con un promedio de edad de 59,1 (17-86 años), 72,7% eran diabéticos. El número de subunidades involucradas se asocia directamente y significativamente en relación al número de intervenciones quirúrgicas. Las técnicas utilizadas para la reconstrucción en orden de frecuencia fueron: colgajos (23%), cierre parcial más injerto dermoepidérmico de grosor parcial (IPP) (20%), cierre parcial (16%) e IPP (16%), cierre por segunda intención (10%), colgajo más IPP (7%) y cierre parcial para cierre por segunda intención de zona restante (5%). Discusión: La elección de reconstrucción se basa en las características del defecto, es decir, el tamaño, la ubicación y profundidad, así como la disponibilidad de tejido local. De preferencia optar por cierres primarios sin tensión, seguido de colgajos y de IPP. Conclusión: La RGP es un desafío para el cirujano plástico. Las técnicas descritas han demostrado ser seguras y reproducibles para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la gangrena de Fournier.

Aim: To describe the surgical management performed for genital-perineal reconstruction (GPR) in patients with sequelae of Fournier gangrene (FG). Materials and Method: It is based on a retroactive series of cases of patients with effects of FG who were given GPR between 2011 and 2019. We performed a descriptive analysis using the variables surgical technique, age, sex, comorbidities, anatomical subunits affected, anatomic origin of the Fournier's gangrene, number of surgical procedures, colostomy procedure, negative pressure therapy, Flexi-Seal®, bacteria isolated, hospital stay, type of reconstructive procedures and complications. We performed GPR on 43 patients (81.1% male), with a mean age of 59.1 (17-86 years); 72% were diabetic. The number of subunits involved was directly and significantly associated with the number of surgical interventions. Results: The reconstruction techniques most used were, in descending order: flaps (23.2%), wound closure and split-thickness skin graft (STSG) (23.2%), primary closure (16.2%), STSG (16.2%), secondary closure (9.3%), flap and STSG (6.9%) and partial wound closure for healing of the remaining area for a second intention (4.6%). Discussion: The reconstruction choice is based on the characteristics of the defect, that is, the size, location and depth, as well as the availability of local tissue. Preferably opt for primary closures without tension, followed by flaps and IPP. Conclusion: The RGP is a challenge for the plastic surgeon. The techniques described have proven safe and reproducible for the surgical treatment of Fournier Gangrene.

Gangrena de Fournier en un niño con síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente. A propósito de un caso / Fournier gangrene in a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Report of one case

La gangrena de Fournier es una fascitis necrotizante que afecta las regiones genital, perineal y perianal, de inicio súbito y diseminación rápidamente progresiva. Su diagnóstico obliga a una urgente intervención interdisciplinaria. La asociación con enfermedades nefrológicas es rara.Se presenta un caso de gangrena de Fournier en un niño con síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente y anasarca con edema escrotal grave. Recibió un esquema antibiótico de amplio espectro y se realizó un desbridamiento quirúrgico extenso e inmediato de la lesión necrótica. Posteriormente, requirió reparación por parte de Cirugía Plástica. Presentó una respuesta clínica favorable a la terapéutica instaurada.

Fournier gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis that affects the genital, perineal and perianal regions, of sudden onset and rapidly progressive dissemination. Its diagnosis requires an urgent and interdisciplinary intervention. The association with nephrologic diseases is rare.We present a case of Fournier gangrene in a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and anasarca with severe scrotal edema. He received a broad-spectrum antibiotic scheme and extensive an immediate surgical debridement of the necrotic lesion was carried out. Subsequently, it was repaired by Plastic Surgery. He presented a favourable clinical response

Sepsis por celulitis necrotizante en paciente embarazada con sindrome antifosfolípido en tratamiento / Necrotizing sepsis cellulitis pregnant patient with antiphospholipid syndrome treatment

Introducción: El término ''síndrome antifosfolipídico'' (SAF) describe la asociación de los anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos (AAF) con un cuadro clínico de hipercoagulabilidad caracterizado por trombosis a repetición y abortos recurrentes. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de celulitis severa de periné en paciente con SAF y tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina. Caso clínico: Paciente de 39 años con embarazo de término con SAF tratado con hidroxicloroquina y anticoagulación que desarrolló una infección severa de partes blandas del periné que fue tratado con interrupción del embarazo, drenaje agresivo del periné y tratamiento antibiótico extenso con buena evolución. Conclusión: La asociación del tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina, embarazo y una complicación séptica es incierta. El tratamiento con inmunosupresión no es estándar y podría haber favorecido el mal pronóstico del cuadro clínico. (AU)

Objetive: To present a case of severe perineal cellulitis in a pregnant patient with Antiphospholipid syndrome treated wiht hidroxicloroquine. Case report: A 39 years old female pregnant patient with AFS treated with hidroxicloroquine and heparin developed severe perineal infection with systemic impairment. Final treatment included aggressive perineal drainage in multiple sessions, pregnancy delivered and systemic treatment with wide spectrum antibiotics and general measures. Discusion and Conclusion: Treatment with hidroxicloroquine, pregnancy and septic complication is infrequent. This approach is not standard and it could favored worst prognostic of the general syndrome. (AU)

Hemivulvectomía radical por gangrena de fournier en mujer con antecedente de radioterapia pélvica / Radical hemivulvectomy due to Fournier's gangrene in a woman with a history of pelvic radiotherapy

RESUMEN La Gangrena de Fournier es una infección necrotizante que afecta al área genitourinaria, perineal y perianal. Se trata de una infección muy grave con una rápida evolución a estadios avanzados y una elevada tasa de morbimortalidad asociada. Sin embargo, con frecuencia tiende a ser infradiagnosticada. Es vital en su manejo un diagnóstico basado en la sospecha clínica e inicio del tratamiento quirúrgico precoz con desbridamiento y exéresis de los tejidos afectos. Además, es crucial la asociación de antibioterapia de amplio espectro y el apoyo nutricional de soporte en el pronóstico de dicha entidad. En este artículo se revisa un caso clínico de Gangrena de Fournier, en una paciente con antecedentes de osteítis púbica y cistitis derivadas del tratamiento mediante radioterapia pélvica, diagnosticado y tratado con una hemivulvectomía radical, antibioterapia y lavados quirúrgicos en nuestro Hospital.

ABSTRACT The Fournier's Gangrene is a necrotizing infection which is located in the perineal area. It´s a severe infection, which involves a quick evolution to advanced stages where a high morbimortality rate is associated. However, it often tends to be underdiagnosed in early stages. The most important in the diagnosis is a high clinical suspicion and subsequent surgical treatment which is base on a desbridalment and exeresis of the affected tissues. In addition, the association of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and nutritional support are crucial. This report reviews a clinical case of Fournier's Gangrene, in a patient with a history of radiation induced cystitis and pubic osteitis after pelvic radiotherapy, diagnosed and treated with a radical hemivulvectomy, antibiotic therapy and lavages in our Hospital.

Profile of patients with Fournier's gangrene and their clinical evolution / Perfil dos pacientes com gangrena de Fournier e sua evolução clínica

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the profile of patients with Fournier's gangrene treated in a public tertiary hospital in western Paraná State. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study of patients with Fournier's gangrene treated between January 2012 and November 2016. Results: there were 40 patients with Fournier's gangrene treated in the period, 29 (72.5%) men and 11 (27.5%) women. The mean age was 51.7±16.3 years. The mean time of disease progression, from the initial symptom to hospitalization, was 10.5±1.2 days. All patients had clinical signs such as pain, bulging, erythema, among others, and 38 (95%) had associated comorbidities, the most common being type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. The majority (30 patients - 75%) had perianal abscess as the probable etiology. All patients were submitted to antibiotic therapy and surgical treatment, with a mean of 1.8±1.1 surgeries per patient. Nine (22.5%) patients died. There was a strong correlation between the presence of sepsis on admission and mortality. Conclusion: Fournier's gangrene patients in this series had a long disease duration and a high prevalence of comorbidities, with a high mortality rate.

ABSTRACT Objetivo: analisar o perfil dos pacientes com gangrena de Fournier tratados em um hospital público terciário do oeste do Paraná. Métodos: estudo transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo de pacientes portadores de gangrena de Fournier atendidos no período de janeiro de 2012 a novembro de 2016. Resultados: foram tratados 40 pacientes com gangrena de Fournier no período: 29 (72,5%) homens e 11 (27,5%) mulheres. A média de idade foi de 51,7±16,3 anos. A média de tempo de evolução da doença, do sintoma inicial até a internação, foi de 10,5±1,2 dias. Todos os pacientes apresentaram algum sinal clínico como dor, abaulamento, eritema, entre outros, e 38 (95%) tinham comorbidades associadas, sendo as mais comuns diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. A maioria (30 pacientes -75%) apresentava como etiologia provável abscesso perianal. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à antibioticoterapia e tratamento cirúrgico com média de 1,8±1,1 cirurgias por paciente. Nove (22,5%) pacientes morreram. Houve forte correlação entre a presença de sepse na admissão e mortalidade. Conclusão: pacientes portadores de gangrena de Fournier, nesta casuística, apresentavam longo tempo de doença e elevada prevalência de comorbidades com alto índice de mortalidade.

Scrotal reconstruction with superomedial fasciocutaneous thigh flap / Reconstrução escrotal com retalho fasciocutâneo superomedial da coxa

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the use of a superomedial fasciocutaneous thigh flap for scrotal reconstruction in open areas secondary to the surgical treatment of perineal necrotizing fasciitis (Fournier's gangrene). Methods: retrospective analysis of cases treated at the Plastic Surgery Service of Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo, from 2009 to 2015. Results: fifteen patients underwent scrotal reconstruction using the proposed flap. The mean age was 48.9 years (28 to 66). Skin loss estimates in the scrotal region ranged from 60 to 100%. Definitive reconstruction was performed on average 30.6 days (22 to 44) after the initial surgical treatment. The mean surgical time was 76 minutes (65 to 90) to obtain the flaps, bilateral in all cases. Flap size ranged from 10cm to 13cm in the longitudinal direction and 8cm to 10cm in the cross-sectional direction. The complication rate was 26.6% (four cases), related to the occurrence of segmental and partial dehiscence. Conclusion: the superomedial fasciocutaneous flap of thigh is a reliable and versatile option for the reconstruction of open areas in the scrotal region, showing adequate esthetic and functional results.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a utilização do retalho fasciocutâneo superomedial da coxa para a reconstrução escrotal em áreas cruentas secundárias ao tratamento cirúrgico da fasceíte necrosante do períneo (gangrena de Fournier). Métodos: análise retrospectiva de casos atendidos no Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, no período de 2009 a 2015. Resultados: quinze pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução escrotal utilizando o retalho proposto. A média de idade foi de 48,9 anos (28 a 66). A estimativa de perda cutânea da região escrotal variou de 60 a 100 %. A reconstrução definitiva foi realizada em média 30,6 dias (22 a 44) após o tratamento cirúrgico inicial. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 76 minutos (65 a 90) para a realização dos retalhos, bilaterais em todos os casos. O tamanho dos retalhos variou de 10cm a 13cm no sentido longitudinal por 8cm a 10cm no sentido transverso. O índice de complicações observado foi de 26,6% (quatro casos), referentes à ocorrência de deiscências segmentares e parciais. Conclusão: o retalho fasciocutâneo superomedial da coxa é uma opção confiável e versátil para a reconstrução de áreas cruentas na região escrotal, apresentando resultados estéticos e funcionais adequados.

Terapêutica cirúrgica na síndrome de Fournier: relato de caso / Surgical therapy in Fournier syndrome: case report

Síndrome de Fournier ou Gangrena de Fournier é uma fasceíte necrotizante que acomete região perineal, perianal e genital, ocasionada por uma infecção polimicrobiana sinergística de bactérias aeróbicas e anaeróbicas, com predomínio em homens em média aos 50 anos. A enfermidade é caracterizada por uma endarteríte obliterante causando trombose vascular subcutânea e necrose de tecidos. Microrganismos distintos aparecem como patógenos nas culturas dos pacientes com essa enfermidade. O quadro clínico pode se manifestar com dor, eritema e edema, cianose e crepitação em bolsa escrotal e períneo associada ou não a febre e calafrios. Diagnóstico e intervenção precoce, com antibioticoterapia de largo espectro e drenagem ampla, permitiu melhores resultados nestes doentes. A mortalidade permanece elevada quando o diagnóstico é tardio e o tratamento operatório retardado. O objetivo do artigo é relatar um caso de Síndrome de Fournier em um paciente de 52 anos e discutir a melhor abordagem cirúrgica e seus impactos no sucesso terapêutico nesta enfermidade.

Fournier syndrome or Fournier's gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis that affects the perineal, perianal and genital region, caused by a polymicrobial infection of aerobic and anaerobic synergistic bacteria predominantly in men, on average at age 50. The disease is characterized by obliterative endarteritis causing subcutaneous vascular thrombosis and tissue necrosis. Different microorganisms appear as patogens in cultures of patients with this disease. The clinical picture may manifest as pain, redness and swelling, cianosis and crepitus in the scrotum and perineum with or without fever and chills. Early diagnosis and intervention with broad spectrum antibiotics and ample drainage contributed to a better outcome for these patients. Mortality remains high when diagnosis is late and the surgical procedure postponed. The aim of this paper is to report a case of Fournier syndrome in a 52 year old patient, discuss the best surgical approach and its impact on therapeutic success in this disease.

Diagnóstico y manejo precoz de la gangrena de fournerr / Early diagnosis and management of fournier´s gangrene

Aim: The aim of this study is to report the results of a series of patients diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene underwent surgical debridement plus broad-spectrum antibiotics in the emergency department of the Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau (HBLT) between 2009 and 2013, in terms of mortality associated with the disease. Material and Methods: Between 2009 and 2013, a case series of patients with diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene treated in the Emergency Department of the Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau. The outcome variable was mortality attributed to the disease (MAD). Other variables were: age, sex, comorbidities, focus of origin, waiting time for antibiotic treatment and surgery to start, number of surgical debridement and agents isolated from cultures. Descriptive statistics were used, with calculation of measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: During the study period, 56 patients were identified with diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene (60.7 percent were male) with a mean age of 52 years (23-75 years old). The MAD was 48.2 percent. The most common comorbidity was diabetes (66.6 percent). The more prevalent focus of origin was anorectal pathology (42.9 percent). The average waiting time from diagnosis to initiation of antibiotic therapy and surgery was 40 minutes (15-80) and 580 minutes (20-4320), respectively. The required surgical debridement average was 4. Isolated on the intraoperative tissue cultures agent was E. coli (51.8 percent). Conclusion: Mortality attributable to Fournier’s gangrene is similar to that observed in the literature.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es comunicar los resultados observados en una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de gangrena de Fournier sometidos a aseo quirúrgico con debridamiento más terapia antibiótica de amplio espectro, en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau (HBLT), entre los años 2009 y 2013, en términos de mortalidad asociada a la enfermedad. Material y Método: Serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de gangrena de Fournier tratados en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau entre 2009 y 2013. La variable resultado fue mortalidad atribuida a la enfermedad (MAE). Otras variables de interés fueron: edad, sexo, patologías asociadas, foco de origen, tiempo de espera para el inicio del tratamiento antibiótico y cirugía, número de aseos y agentes aislados en los cultivos. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, con cálculo de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: En el período en estudio se identificaron 56 pacientes con diagnóstico de Gangrena de Fournier (60,7 por ciento eran masculinos), con un promedio de edad de 52 años (23-75 años). La MAE fue 48,2 por ciento. La patología asociada más frecuente fue la diabetes (66,6 por ciento). El foco de origen más prevalente fue la patología anorrectal (42,9 por ciento). El tiempo promedio de espera desde el diagnóstico hasta el inicio de la terapia antibiótica y la cirugía fue de 40 minutos (15-80) y 580 minutos (20-4320) respectivamente. El promedio de aseos requeridos fue de 4. El agente más aislado en los cultivos de tejido intraoperatorio fue Escherichia coli (51,8 por ciento). Conclusión: La mortalidad atribuible a la Gangrena de Fournier es similar a la observada en la literatura.

Síndrome de Fournier: Reconstrução de bolsa testicular com retalho fasciocutâneo de região interna de coxa / Fournier gangrene: Reconstruction of the scrotal sac with a fasciocutaneous flap from the internal thigh region

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Fournier é uma infecção multibacteriana de rápida progressão em região perineal. Seu tratamento inclui desbridamento, antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro e terapia com oxigênio em câmara hiperbárica. O desbridamento agressivo tipicamente resulta em perda da cobertura cutânea de toda bolsa escrotal, expondo ambos os testículos. No tratamento, é necessária a utilização de retalhos bem vascularizados para o reestabelecimento das funções. MÉTODO: Apresentamos a aplicação de um retalho fasciocutâneo, aproveitando a rica rede arterial da região interna da coxa para a reconstrução perineal, proposto por Ferreira et al., o qual permite o tratamento de amplos defeitos. CONCLUSÃO: O retalho descrito para reconstrução perineal é bastante versátil. Suas vantagens incluem a possibilidade de ser utilizado em diversas situações clínicas, baixo acometimento de gangrena na região doadora, reconstrução em único estágio e a espessura do retalho adequada para reconstrução desta região.

INTRODUCTION: Fournier gangrene is a rapidly progressing multi-bacterial infection in the perineal region. The treatment of this condition includes debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and oxygen therapy in a hyperbaric chamber. Aggressive debridement typically results in the loss of skin coverage of the entire scrotal sac, and the exposure of both testes. During treatment, it is essential to use well-vascularized flaps to ensure the recovery of function. METHOD: We describe the application of a fasciocutaneous flap-which takes advantage of the rich arterial network of the internal region of the thigh-in the perineal reconstruction method proposed by Ferreira et al. that allows for the treatment of large defects. CONCLUSION: The flap is quite versatile. Its advantages include its utility in various clinical situations, low risk of gangrene in the donor area, single-stage reconstruction, and adequate flap thickness for reconstruction.

Fournier?s gangrene - delayed pedicle flap based upon the anterior abdominal wall

Introduction Fournier’s gangrene is a poly-microbial necrotizing fasciitis that involves the perineum and/or external genitalia. Urgent surgical debridement is well recognized as essential acute treatment yet unique challenges arise for plastic surgical reconstruction to obtain a complete functional recovery. This case describes a successful delayed pedicle flap repair based upon the anterior abdominal wall. Case description A 24 year old man was admitted to ICU ten days after elective circumcision with Fournier’s gangrene. He underwent a number of surgical debridements, and was referred for plastic surgical management. He had penile reconstruction using a random pattern abdominal flap, which was performed as a three stage procedure including flap vascular delay technique. Discussion Perineal and penile skin loss can be significant and is difficult to repair. Various techniques have been used to reconstruct lost tissue: skin grafts, transposition of the testes and spermatic cords to the thigh, flaps, and other types of pediculated myocutaneous flaps. Muscle flap reconstruction provides an environment that allows for complete regeneration of the urethral epithelium but is bulky and unsightly. Skin grafts contract and may produce painful and dysfunctional reconstructions. This novel technique produces a functional, and aesthetic reconstruction. Conclusion Penile skin recovery following Fournier’s gangrene recovery is problematic. This case demonstrates the functionality of a delayed flap repair using the anterior abdominal wall. .

Fascitis necrotizante perineal: Gangrena de Fournier / Perineal necrotizing fasciitis: Fournier's gangrene

La gangrena de Fournier o fascitis necrotizante perineal es una entidad infecciosa que afecta las fascias perineales y/o sus dependencias. Es prevalente en hombres de la 5ta o 6tadécada de su vida, y es más común en diabéticos, obesos, enolistas o inmunodeprimidos. El sostén metabólico, la antibioticoterapia, eldebridamiento de tejidos necróticos y la reparación de tejidos son los pilares del tratamiento. Reporte de casos: En el presente artículo presentamos unarevisión bibliográfica de esta enfermedad, y presentamos 3 casos dediferente resolución en nuestro hospital, a modo de ejemplo, con susrespectivos registros fotográficos. Discusión: La fascitis necrotizante perineal es una grave entidad infecciosa que requiere diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento oportuno multidisciplinario y reconstrucción de tejidos según el caso, para lo cual existen varias opciones...

Fournier's gangrene or perineal necrotizing fasciitis is an infectious entity affecting perineal fascias and / or its dependencies. It is more prevalent in men in the 5th or 6thdecade of life and is more common in diabetics, obese, alcoholics or immunodeppressed. Metabolic support, antibiotic therapy, debridement of necrotic tissue and tissue repair arethekey of treatment. Cases Report: In this article we present a literature review of the disease and present 3 cases of different resolution in ourhospital, as examples, with their photographic records. Discussion: The perineal necrotizing fasciitis is aseriousinfectious entity that requires early diagnosis, early multidisciplinary treatment and tissue reconstruction according to case, for which there are several options...

Reconstrução escrotal com retalho súpero-medial da coxa após síndrome de fournier / Scrotal reconstruction using a superomedial thigh flap after Fournier's syndrome

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection that consumes the perineal-scrotal skin quickly. Overcome the infection, it is necessary to cover the compromised structures. We present a series of patients suffering from necrotizing fasciitis who underwent scrotal reconstruction using the superior medial thigh flap. Methods: Seven male patients underwent unilateral or bilateral scrotal reconstruction with superior medial thigh flap. Results: The patients showed satisfactory results as regards coverage testicular and appearance of the donor area. Conclusion: The superior medial thigh flap is presented as an excellent choice for scrotal reconstruction by testicular produce good coverage, is easy to perform and improve local aesthetics...

Fasceíte necrotizante é uma grave infecção que consome a pele períneo-escrotal rapidamente. Superada a infecção, faz-se necessáriaa cobertura das estruturas comprometidas. Apresentamos uma série de pacientes acometidos por fasceíte necrotizante que foram submetidos à reconstrução escrotal com a utilização do retalho súpero-medialda coxa. Método: Sete pacientes do sexo masculino foram submetidos à reconstrução escrotal, uni ou bilateralmente, com o retalho súpero-medial da coxa. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quanto à cobertura testicular e ao aspecto da área doadora. Conclusão: O retalho súpero-medial da coxa se apresentou como excelente opção para reconstrução escrotal por produzir boa cobertura testicular, ser de fácil execução e melhorar a estética local...

Síndrome de Fournier: 10 anos de avaliação / Fournier´s syndrome: a 10-year evaluation study", "_e": "n

INTRODUÇÃO: A gangrena de Fournier é uma fasciite necrosante sinérgica do períneo e parede abdominal, que tem origem no escroto e pênis, no homem, e vulva e virilha, na mulher. O processo inicialmente foi descrito como idiopático, mas atualmente sabe-se que se trata de grave afecção causada por bactérias Gram positivas, Gram negativas ou anaeróbios, que pode levar a comprometimento sistêmico importante e, eventualmente, morte. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo, baseado na análise de prontuários médicos de 23 pacientes portadores de síndrome de Fournier, no período de janeiro de 2002 a janeiro de 2012. O tratamento dos pacientes incluiu intervenção precoce, com antibioticoterapia de largo espectro e desbridamentos consecutivos. O procedimento terapêutico empregado para a reconstrução variou desde a aproximação das bordas com sutura simples até uso de retalhos e enxertos, nas lesões extensas. RESULTADOS: As técnicas de reparação cutânea foram eficientes e a reparação escrotal foi também efetiva em todos os casos, obtendo-se bons resultados estéticos. Houve 3 (13%) óbitos, 2 deles em pacientes com doenças pregressas e portadores de comorbidades. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar da reconhecida gravidade da Síndrome de Fournier, as medidas terapêuticas adotadas, como rápida intervenção, desbridamento precoce e antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro, juntamente com abordagem multidisciplinar, demonstraram-se bastante eficazes no controle da doença, permitindo reconstrução cirúrgica das áreas atingidas, com baixa mortalidade.

BACKGROUND: Fournier's gangrene is a synergistic necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum and abdominal wall that develops in the scrotum and penis in men and the vulva and groin in women. This disease was initially believed to be idiopathic; however, recent studies have indicated that it is a serious condition caused by gram-positive, gram-negative, or anaerobic bacteria. It is often associated with severe and fatal systemic involvement. METHODS: A retrospective study involving a chart review of 23 patients with Fournier's syndrome treated between January 2002 and January 2012 was conducted. Prompt treatment consisted of broad-spectrum antibiotic administration and serial debridement. The reconstruction techniques ranged from edge approximation via simple sutures to the use of flaps and grafts in cases with extensive lesions. RESULTS: The skin and scrotal reconstruction techniques were effective in all cases, yielding satisfactory aesthetic results. Three (13%) patients died, including 2 patients who had previous illnesses and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Although Fournier's syndrome is a serious disease, therapeutic measures such as prompt intervention, with early debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, in a multidisciplinary approach is very effective for controlling the disease, enabling surgical reconstruction of the affected areas with a low mortality rate.

Factores de riesgo para mortalidad en gangrena de Fournier / Mortality prognostic factors in Fournier gangrene

Background: Fournier gangrene corresponds to a necrotizing fasciitis that affects the genital and perianal region. It has a high mortality and a special score, FGSI (Fournier Gangrene Severity Index Score), which includes nine laboratory and clinical parameters was devised to evaluate its prognosis. Aim: To determine predictors of mortality among patients with Fournier gangrene. Material and Methods: Prospective study of 31 patients aged 58 +/- 13 years (25 males) with Fournier gangrene. The inclusion criteria was the presence of perianal inflammation with redness, pain swelling and appearance of a rapidly progressing necrosis with fever, tachycardia and leukocytosis. Results: Eight patients died. Length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 187 days and the number of required surgical procedures ranged from 1 to 17. The FGSI score was 7.1 +/- 4. These three factors had a prognostic value for mortality. Conclusions: Among patients with Fournier gangrene, length of hospital stay, number of required surgical procedures and FGSI are predictive of mortality.

Introducción: La Gangrena de Fournier fue descrita por Fournier en 1883, es una fasceitis necrotizante que afecta la región perianal y genital. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los factores de riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes portadores de Gangrena de Fournier y su relación con el score pronóstico FGSI (Fournier Gangrene Severity Index Score). Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2007 en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, que incluyó 31 pacientes con gangrena de Fournier, el 80 por ciento de sexo masculino y una edad promedio de 58,2 años. Se analizaron los factores de riesgo y se calculó el índice de gravedad. Se realizó el análisis estadístico univariado y multivariado de cada uno de los factores y del índice de gravedad. Resultados: En el análisis univariado y multivariado los días de hospitalización, que variaron entre 1 y 187 (p = 0,055), el número de cirugías entre 1 y 7 (p = 0,031) y el score de gravedad que estuvo entre 1 y 17 (p = 0,017), fueron los factores significativos como factores de riesgo de mortalidad. Conclusiones: La Gangrena de Fournier presenta una alta mortalidad. El número de días hospitalizados y el número de cirugías realizadas son factores de riesgo para mortalidad y el score de gravedad es una herramienta importante y simple para predecir el riesgo de mortalidad.

Manejo da gangrena de Fournier: experiência de um hospital universitário de Curitiba / Management of Fournier's gangrene: experience of a university hospital of Curitiba

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados obtidos no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital Universitário Cajuru - PUCPR, com o tratamento da gangrena de Fournier. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários de 40 pacientes com diagnóstico de Gangrena de Fournier internados no hospital universitário Cajuru de Novembro de 1999 a Abril de 2006, analisando-se as variáveis: sexo, idade, fatores predisponentes, etiologia, localização da lesão, exames laboratoriais, procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados, antibioticoterapia e utilização de câmara hiperbárica. RESULTADOS: A etiologia mais comum foi de origem anorretal. O agente etiológico mais prevalente foi a E. coli. O fator predisponente predominantes foi a diabetes mellitus, A maioria dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A localização e extensão da lesão mais freqüente foi a perineal. Todos foram submetidos à desbridamento cirúrgico, 17 à colostomia e dois à cistostomia. Todos os pacientes utilizaram antibiótico, sendo os mais usados: metronidazol e gentamicina. Vinte e seis pacientes submeteram-se à terapia hiperbárica. A mortalidade global foi de 20%. CONCLUSÃO: A Síndrome de Fournier, apesar de todos os avanços terapêuticos atuais, continua apresentando altos índices de mortalidade. O reconhecimento precoce da infecção associado a tratamento agressivo e invasivo são medidas essenciais para se tentar diminuir esses índices prognósticos.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results obtained in the Department of General Surgery, Cajuru University Hospital - PUCPR, with the treatment of Fournier's gangrene. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 40 patients diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene admitted to the Cajuru University Hospital from November 1999 to April 2006, analyzing gender, age, predisposing factors, etiology, lesion location, laboratory tests , surgical procedures, antibiotic use and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. RESULTS: The most common etiology was the anorectal origin. The most prevalent etiological agent was E. coli. The predominant predisposing factor was diabetes mellitus. The majority of patients were male. The location and extent of injury was usually in the perineum. All underwent surgical debridement, 17 with associated colostomy and two with combined cystostomy. All patients received antibiotics, the most used being metronidazole and gentamicin. Twenty-six patients underwent hyperbaric therapy. The overall mortality was 20%. CONCLUSION: Fournier's syndrome, despite all the advances in treatment today, continues to show high mortality rates. Early recognition of infection associated with invasive and aggressive treatment are essential for attempting to reduce these prognostic indices.

Gangrena de Fournier / Fournier's gangrene

Se presenta el caso de un paciente con gangrena de Fournier o fascitis necrosante. Después de su ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos se le realizó tratamiento quirúrgico precoz (incisión y drenaje amplio de toda la zona afectada así como desbridamiento de la zona de necrosis); se tomó muestra de pus para estudio microbiológico y se comenzó tratamiento antibiótico de inmediato (ceftriaxona, amikacina y metronidazol). Se identificaron como agentes causantes del proceso Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli (sensibles a la ceftriaxona y la amikacina). Como tratamiento coadyuvante, se aplicaron 10 sesiones de cámara hiperbárica y 12 dosis de factor de crecimiento humano recombinante liofilizado, que se infiltraron en el interior de la zona quirúrgica para contribuir al cierre por tercera intención(AU)

This is the case of a patient presenting with Fournier gangrene of necrotizing fasciitis. After admission in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) he undergoes an early surgical treatment (incision and wide drainage of the whole involved zone as well as debridement of necrosis zone); a pus sample was took for microbiologic study and a immediate antibiotic treatment was started (Ceftriaxone, Amikacin and Metronidazole). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Amikacin) were identified as the causative agents of process. As adjuvant treatment ten sessions of hyperbaric chamber were applied and twelve dose of lyophilized recombinant human growth factor with infiltration into the surgical zone for the third intention closure(AU)

Gangrena de Fournier en asociación con el uso de anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos: Reporte de un caso pediátrico / An unusual presentation of Fournier's gangrene: ¿Is there a relationship with NSAID use? Pediatric case report

La gangrena de Fournier es una enfermedad amenazante para la vida, que se caracteriza por fascitis necrosante del área perineal. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a pacientes adultos con inmunosupresión y son pocos los casos reportados en la población pediátrica. El uso de fármacos anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) se ha asociado con fascitis necrosante, probablemente por supresión de la inmunidad durante la infección. Describimos el caso de un paciente con 6 meses de edad sin factores inmu-nosupresores, con gangrena de Fournier, probablemente asociada a la ingesta de AINEs.

Founier's gangrene is a rare but life-threatening disease characterized by necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal area. It mostly affects adult patients with an immunosuppressant factor and there are only a few cases reported in children. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been associated with necrotizing fasciitis probably because of suppressing host immunity during infection. We describe a case of a six month old infant without im-munosuppressant factors, with Founier´s gangrene probably associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory intake.

Reconstrução do escroto após fascite necrosante / Scrotum reconstruction after necrotizing fasciitis

Introdução: Fascite necrosante está entre as mais graves infecções. Apresentamos análise do tratamento de pacientes vítimas de fascite necrosante da região perineal, submetidos à reconstrução do escroto com retalhos de pele e músculo remanescentes e retalho súpero-medial da coxa. Método: Foram analisados, de forma retrospectiva, 11 pacientes submetidos à cobertura das áreas cruentas com retalhos miocutâneos locais ou retalho súpero-medial da coxa. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram boa evolução com resolução da área cruenta, resultados duradouros e reproduzíveis. Conclusões: Observamos que, com dissecção ampla e cuidadosa da pele remanescente do escroto, podemos cobrir extensas áreas cruentas, proporcionando proteção adequada aos testículos. Como alternativa para a cobertura de lesões maiores, o retalho súpero-medial da coxa demonstrou boa aplicabilidade e simplicidade na sua execução.

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal region is one of the most serious infections. We present analysis of the treatment of patient victims of necrotizing fasciitis submitted to reconstruction of scrotum with remnants of skin and muscle. Methods: Eleven patients were submitted to the covering of the raw areas with local mio-cutaneous flaps and superomedial thigh flap. Results: The patients presented good evolution with resolution of the raw surfaces and long lasting results. Conclusions: We observe that, with an ample and careful dissection of remaining skin of the scrotum, we can cover extensive areas, providing adequate protection of the testicules. In largest areas the superomedial thigh flap comes as an excellent alternative of simple execution and good aesthetic and functional outcomes.